Speech

Introduction:

Imagine if I had a knife, and blatantly stabbed your child, because they “accidentally” killed mine. Would this murder be justifiable? Is murder ever justifiable? In the text “And then there were none” by Agatha Christie justice for murder is a common theme that has spark interest in me to see the different perspectives on whether murder is justifiable. From the perspective of how murder is justifiable it is the argument that in life or death situations we have no control over the murder of someone else. However, from the perspective of how murder is never justifiable it is the argument that murder is never the solution.

1st Perspective:

Life. What a wonderful thing it is. Love, affection, prosperity. Why would you want that ever to be taken away from you? Should we not have the option to protect the gracious gift we have been possessed, even if it means taking someone else’s. This perspective has sprung up on me due to the character of Philip Lombard in the text. Philip Lombard was punished as he abandoned 21 members of an East African Tribe to survive resulting in their deaths. This brought up the perspective of how murder for self-defense and survival must be justifiable. Like all species survival is our main priority. As humans, we are wired to protect ourselves which we refer to the term of our “flight or fight” response when in danger. According to the University of Harvard, when in true danger, the hypothalamus, an area of the brain, is stimulated interacting with the body’s nervous system providing the endangered to flee or fight. Studies at the University of Victoria Wellington shows how this response happens unconsciously. Our brain therefore makes the best unconscious decision for survival. So when flight seems impossible, fight maybe the only option. Whether it ends up murdering someone else how can this murder for self defense not be justifiable? How can it be unjustifiable when we have no control of it trying to only protect ourselves. It is no wonder why murder for self-defense is legal in many countries such as our own. And if your a firm believer that murder is unjustifiable then think about this. Imagine you in a dark alley, trapped, encased with concrete walls with a man pointing a gun to your head. And you’d make the decision to stand their helplessly. Of course not, your instincts would have not let you.

2nd Perspective:

From the perspective of how murder is never justifiable, it is the arguement it only creates problems rather than resolving them. Justice Wargrave, another character in the text, presented this perspective to me as he murdered 10 people for murdering another for what he believed was the best solution for justice. The murdering of these people however was not the best solution as most learned from their murders to make the world a better place. Often when thinking of justifications for murder you think of when murder is the best solution. But in reality is it ever really? Let’s start with a specific example of the Second World War. Did it not only just create the Cold War? For the US alone it resulted in $241 billion dollars in debt. Over 400 thousand in casualties. 20 million on the border of starvation. So was the murdering of over 400 million to end conflict really the best solution? You may argue how there was no choice but war to end the conflict but then tell me, how did the Czechs do it against the Soviet Union in 1989. Another example of how murder is not the solution is the murdering of terrorists. But how? How is murder not the best solution when it saves many who are innocent? According to the New York Times, when terrorists are killed communities rallying behind the terrorist group in vengeance of the killer creating further terrorism. Not only that are we not teaching our future generation the wrong morals by murdering someone, who is murdering someone else. How hypocritical can we be? Did we not run by the moral of two wrongs don’t make a right? No matter the scenario murder continues to prove it will only create problems rather than resolving them. So why should it ever be justified?

My Opinion:

From my own perspective, l believe murder is justifiable. We must have the right to protect ourselves in self-defense. If we weren’t I believe our society will be in rule of those violent. I know this because of our past. Without the rebellion for self-defense, violent leaders like Joseph Stalin are able to rule countries murdering millions for pleasure. In the second perspective, I do not agree with how murder is never justified as it is never the solution because I believe sometimes it is. For example with the terrorist scenario, I do believe the best short term solution is the murder of the terrorist as the cost of the innocent is greater than the negative morals learned. However, like the second perspective, I do believe the murder of terrorists should be justified forever because long-term it isn’t the solution as shown it only creates more.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this debate will never end due to the many perspectives for and against the justification for murder. Those looking in the perspective of self-defense will believe it is justified as we can’t control whether we murder or not due to our “fight or flight” response. For those who believe it is never justified, they through the perspective of how murder is never the solution. Through these different perspectives, we learn not whether murder is justifiable, but rather how murder should be avoided as they take away the gift of life of another and create further problems. I believe it should be avoided at almost all costs. But hey that’s just my opinion. So what’s yours? 

Creative Writing Task

Statement of intent:

In this creative writing piece I have placed my reader at the lakefront by using a variety of figurative language techniques such as metaphors, similes and personification.

It is summer, mid-afternoon at the lakefront, heated and humid, the salty sweat flooding faces, the vibrant grass beginning to turn yellow, the overwhelming torrid air suffocating throats desperately needing a cool beverage. Sunburnt redden people scramble into the brisk body of water hiding from the scorching sun. The lake to the people in summer is the paintbrush to an artist, an essential.

Listen. Groaning car engines sweep the main road, deeply exhaling poisonous fumes trying to catch its breath. Children, the reminiscences of youth life to all parents, indulged the refreshing glacial meltwater of the lake. Laughing. Chuckling. Squealing. Sounds of a joyful melody. Innocent vibrations of their voices echo within the encased mighty mountains. The mountains are a stadium to the lake. Surrounding in a towering 360 degrees, they admire their detailed portrait through the canvas of the glistening lake. In the far distance of the water, a dark brown speck floats gradually towards the golden sandy shore. By only a squint you were able to tell it was a piece of driftwood. Playing Peek-a-boo with the lake as the clouds would glide past, the scintillating sun stood tall amongst the plain light blue sky. Sunup, sundown, the lake never sleeps.

It is Sunday afternoon. The drooping green leaves waltzed side to side as its partner shade followed. Casting a pitiful patch of shade, families set picnics under the stretched willow trees. The visitors are hungry. Chips, dips, crisps, the peckish people fill their lunchtime hungry stomachs. Through the windows of a white campervan, the parents frantically rush as two tired children’s faces are smudged against the window, hunched fast asleep. Across from the shore, Wimbledon white seagulls waddle in packs stomping their webbed feet. It is time for them to eat. Storming picnics they circle the food prejudicially squawking in demand for scraps. The seagulls at the lake are the hyenas of the savannah, scavengers. On the statue still lake, rounded rocks ripple the water as they skim towards the horizon. One skip, two skips, three skips. Emerged from the waters enlarged circles rapidly spread. Skipping like the kids at the primary the rocks would eventually sink. And after more green-headed ducks flew by, the luxurious lake was once still again. Back in the campervan, the children’s stance is now straightened, impatiently waiting around two polished paddleboards. “Dad! Hurry up, the sun is going to go down,” the little girl chirped, angelic and articulate. The brown speck is no longer a speck. Eyes widened, stranded in the middle of the lake, is now a deeply cracked light brown isolated piece of driftwood. Sunblock, hat, towel, families tiptoe past the sharp white stones into the delicate sand beneath the lake. Relishing the last moments of light from the now dim shrugged sun. Past the rigidly sat elderly man on the mossed over wooden bench in the afternoon glow. Where his ice block would have melted, leaving only a bare brown narrow stick held in his hand.

Look. On the grass beside the stones, the ancient willow trees protrude their slim branches towards the sat gloom orange sun. Beneath the slender branches, packets, containers, wrappers, are left from the picnics waiting to be picked up like a passenger awaiting the bus. At the gravel carpark, cars are the shoppers on boxing day. Chaotically clumped, deafening horns take over the tender melody by the now exhausted children. Urgently, reckless drivers exit onto the main road. Stressed. Wanting to get home. Pleading if they could escape the agonising back pain labouring at the office the next day. Begging they could evade inhaling putrid fumes from immense industrial trucks. Wishing they could flip the hourglass back to Sunday mid-afternoon where the gleaming sun remained high.

There you are, standing face to face with yourself, distorted by the now ruffled mirror of the lake. Washed up is the sodden piece of driftwood. Lonely. Just like the image reflected from the shallow water. You can now see every wrinkle in the driftwood. From the minuscule crevices to its three scratches like the trademark of Adidas. The melodic waves of the lake calmly crash against the shore. Sshhh. Sshhh. Sshhh. And as the mellow shush of the waves relaxes your bones, you now outlook the late-afternoon lakefront.

Metaphor, Similes, Personification, Hyperbole

LIFE:

Metaphor: Life is Dori, you just keep swimming.

Simile: Life is like a computer, it eventually shuts down.

DEATH:

Metaphor: Death is my mum’s plants, they eventually die.

Simile: Death is like the amazon rainforest, it will eventually be deforested.

HOME:

Metaphor: Home is a cardboard box, because it is.

Simile: Home is like a society, its the people that make a house a home.

IMAGES:

Simile: The clouds are like an onion ring, they are circular.

Metaphor: The jellyfish is the sprinkles on a cake, bright and everywhere.

TABLE:

Personification: Strong, shreiked, smiled, creeked

HEADPHONE:

Personification: Whispered, Screamed, Bungy jumped,

CHAIR:

Personification: Withstand, Supportived, Rested

COMPUTER:

Personification: Annoying, runs, walks.

BOOK:

Personification: Clapped, Opened up.

TREE:

Personification: The tree, old and tired, groaned painfully with each gust of wind. The stiff tree did yoga as it stretched its limbs.

WATER:

Personification: The water copied my white outfit.

BENCH:

Personification: The bench was a loner.

HOUSE:

Personification: The house yeeted to non existance

5 SENSES:

Hyperbole: Touch Forceful Delicate, Smell Exquisite Horrific, Hearing Intolerable Brittle, Taste Organismly Indescribable, Seeing Blinding Godly,

DESCRIBE YOUR DAY:

Hyperbole: I searched everywhere for my once of a lifetime hat. Over the mountain over the seas. Not even the render distance of my telescope could show how far I searched. I will cry 5 billion gallons of tears if it is lost.

IMAGES:

Hyperbole: The atmosphere was so colourful the shades of black and white was not existent.

Hyperbole: The rocks were so hard not even thor’s hammer could break them.

Hyperbole: The image was so fake it made Kim Kardashian’s body look real.

IMAGES:

Preposition: On the blue chair sat the innocent girl as a book is placed on her tender lap filling knowledge into the child. Surrounding the girl are piles of books towering above as she creates her own imaginative surrounding of fantasy. Shining above like the girls future the light beams brightly.

“THE BOY WAS SAD”

Show don’t tell: Lost. Beaten. Defeated. Tormented the boy’s agony is released through the tears escaping his bloodshot eyes. Screams fullfil the empty room as he sits alone.

WHEN THEY EMBRACED SHE COULD TELL HE HAD BEEN SMOKING AND WAS SCARED“.

Show don’t tell: Cigarette buds mixed with the odour released from his armpits reminded me of my tragic past lovers. Please not again. Embraced by the warmth of his chest I was enclosed in smoke.

“THE TEMPERATURE FELL AND THE ICE REFLECTED THE SUN”.

Show don’t tell: Numb. Inhaling the fresh cool air

THE WANDERER:

Some say he possesses mystical powers. Some say he is a source of pure evil. Others say he spreads joy to the places he visits. Very few people have ever seen what’s beneath the hood. Very few people know who he truly is.

The wanderer sat alone on the mountainside, leaning against his staff for support. Storm clouds were gathering, and it was his intention to reach the next village before the first snowflakes fell…

It was 6’oclock in the evening, the sun had been long gone as darkness began to fill the mountainside. Empty. Barren. All that was living was the Wanderer perched upon a rock contemplating if he would ever reach the end. But what was the end?

Upon the horizon, grey clouds began to surge towards the mountain like an army headed to battle. It was time for him to leave.

EDITING CHECKLIST:

Used 5 senses, Used appropriate detail, Used commas to mark clause, Used capitals letters, Checked your apostrophes, Checked there/their/they’re, Used multiple sentences types, Used paragraphs appropriately, Kept your writing consistent.

And then there were none creative writing

I couldn’t believe it. She’s dead.

Cyril’s body lay there impaled as guilt is swallowed through the saliva in my pharynx.

It’s all my fault. What is wrong with me? When has love ever been enough for murder?

The bloodshot eyes of Cyril stare at me like medusa turning me into stone.

“Cyril”, the breath is drawn as I hear a whisper in my ear.

You murdered me!

Thrash!

Water tackles the boat as the scrum of people are rocked by the impact. Squashed to the rough wooden texture of the boat by Lombard I couldn’t help but think of her.

Blue. Only blue. Apart from the monotonous clouds blue was the only colour seen.

I couldn’t bare staring at it any longer. The crashing waves were too similiar to those which carried Cyril’s floating body to shore.

I close my eyes. Blackness. I’d rather black than blue.

“Look! It’s soldier island!” exclaimed Wargrave from the left side of the boat.

My eye lids open in hope Wargrave is right and this blue has ended. Through the mist

Creative Writing Plan – “And then there were none”.

Who is your character and where is it happening? Vera in her bedroom on the island.

What is your inciting incident and how do you get there? Vera sees a shadow with a axe

Where do you cross the threshold? Some one dies

How does the action rise? They are playing spotlight and see one dead.

When does your main character get knocked down? Their mother dies on the island

Why does your character get back up? To avenge her mother.

Fargo

“He who is not content with what he has, would not be content with what he would like to have” – Socrates. Greed is the root of all evil. These endless desires keep many awakened at night wondering what could have happened if they could turn back time and change something. Will we ever be satisfied? Or will the temptations forever keep us awake? In the film, ‘Fargo’, directed by the Coen Brothers, the application of film techniques: shallow focus, the close-up shot and diegetic sound illustrates the idea of greed. Shallow focus on various characters illustrates how greed causes people to go to the extremes to possess what they desire, the close up shot on various characters reveal how greed can take a toll on people’s emotional status and the use of soft, short and slow diegetic sound on characters can develop the idea that those without greed are often able to appreciate the smaller details to life.

The Coen Brothers developed the idea of greed with the deliberate application of shallow focus on various characters. Shallow focus reveals how greed can cause people to go to extremes for individual desire. Gaear, a daunting and self-centred character, is often shot with a shallow focus to reveal that he is full of greed. Shallow focus illustrates this because as it directs the attention towards the character blurring the rest of the image, it reveals that the characters focus is solely on himself. The out of focus background reveals the character neglects the consequences of his actions, nor does it matter. Gaear does not care about his relationships or environments. The focus is on Gaear, revealing he is a frightening, formidable character driven by greed. With shallow focus showing how a character is self-centred with no thought of consequence, it illustrates how greed can cause people to go to extremes for individual desire. With no thought of consequence, people exceed limits as constraints become non-existent. People begin to break laws, ruin the environment and destroy relationships all for perhaps a little bit of money. As actions are derived by greed Gaear is shot with a shallow focus in the car after aggressively shooting a cop due to him being almost caught kidnapping Jerry wife for ransom money. The Coen Brothers have applied various focuses throughout the film to reveal the level of greed a character possesses in various scenarios. They do so to show how much will a character has in attaining their desire. Contrasting shallow focus with deep focus depicts to the audience which character may be greedy and which characters may be considerate. The focuses clearly enable the audience to be able to differentiate those who may be out of town and those who may be locals in Brainer. Brainer, an isolated small town, often have very friendly locals. In contrast, city people are often characterized stereotypically as egotistical and rude. In 1984, the Coen Brothers produced their first ever film named ‘Blood Simple’. Shallow focus is also applied to develop the same idea. Julian Marty, an intimidating character, is illustrated through shallow focus. When seeing his wife Abby fall in love with another man, Julian is outraged as he wants Abby all to himself. Julian becomes jealous, hiring a detective to eventually kill both her and her love. Greed has taken over. The mindset has shifted to ‘if I can’t have her no one else can. A specific moment where this is revealed is when Julian is shot with a shallow focus when meeting his detective Loren in an empty building. He is entirely focused on murdering his own wife as he acts of his desire, Although the desire in both films is different the Coen Brothers have still shown how shallow focus can be applied to illustrate the idea of how greed causes people to go to extremes. Through the application of shallow focus, it has conveyed the harsh reality of greed in a worldwide context. The audience learns that often as humans we get trapped in focusing on ourselves, influencing our decisions for the best outcome for us individually. Temptation suddenly becomes an obsession. Desire suddenly outweighs our morals. Consequence suddenly disappears. But with the world being composed of a society rather than individuals these action effect everyone. From the occurrence of crime and destruction of relationships as humans, if we took the time to prioritize morals over temptation, we will flourish like flowers in an orchard rather than a lonesome flower in the winter. This would make the world a beautiful and better place. With the deliberate application of shallow focus, the Coen Brothers have been able to present the idea of how greed can cause people to go to the extremes for individual desire.

Specific characters have illustrated the idea of greed through the application of the close-up. It develops the idea that greed can take a toll on people emotionally. Jerry, a sensitive and ambiguous character, is often shot with a close up to reveal how greed has tormented him emotionally. The close up illustrates this because with the character filling up most of the space, this reveals that the character is selfish as the character is the primary focus of the shot. Diminishing the background reveals that Jerry ignores his surroundings. Surroundings become irrelevant as the close-up zooms in on Jerry’s arrogant, greed driven personality. Jerry believes he deserves what he desires. The impression is created that he is ‘big-headed’. The enlargement of the face also concentrates the attention towards the characters emotional status. Through the frown of the eyebrows, jitter of the crinkles and enlargement of the eyes the audience feels the discomfort of emotions. Correlating how the close-up shot reveals that a character is greedy with how it enhances a character stressful emotion, it illustrates how greed can take a toll on people emotionally. As greed manipulates Jerry, he is shot with a close-up when Wade refuses to hand $750,000 to Jerry for investment. This conveys Jerry’s emotional tension as his plans do not go his way. Deliberately, the Coen Brothers applied the close-up shot on various characters in the film in order to reveal when greed has affected characters emotional wellbeing. The audience is able to depict whether a character’s plan in attaining what they desire has gone wrong. Audience members are able to connect with the characters to experience the same emotions. This builds up tension. The audience is no longer a viewer but instead a character in the film. With the audience placed inside the film, this illustrates a greater understanding of how greed can cause people to become emotionally unstable. ‘Blood Simple’ another film directed by the Coen Brothers have many emotionally unstable characters due to greed. This is also developed through the close-up. Convinced he has lost the love of his life, Julian becomes irritated. He is angry. The greed of not having this woman has provoked these raging emotions. A scene where it captures Julian’s emotions is when he is shot with a close-up when trying to kidnap his love, Abby. The close-up reveals his anger with the sweat, clenched jaw and frowned eyebrows as he attempts to regain his desire. With the deliberate application of the close-up in both films, the Coen Brothers have illustrated how greed can take a toll on people emotionally despite the different desires. Success. Failure. Words that cannot be defined. However, as humans, we are still set under the false impression that they can be. Through the use of social media, we are convinced that this is the perfect body or this is the wealth you should have or this is what you need to survive. No wonder greed is present in our society. Greed continues to grow like fruits on a tree where the media is the sun, water and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. We no longer cherish what we have but instead sadden on what we don’t. When achieving our selfish desires seem impossible the unbearable emotion of hatred and sadness arise as the fruit gets too big and falls to the ground. Greed is driven by social media. As a result, greed has created negative effects upon society such as suicidal, crime and mental health issues. As a society, we must learn from our actions in order to remove these false impressions of what success looks like. This way greed may diminish as the emotions of happiness emerge from perceiving our life as a success. The deliberate application of the close up by the Coen Brothers have not only revealed how greed can take a toll on us emotionally; it has taught society that we must change the way we use social media.

Diegetic sound, which is often applied as dialogue, develops the idea of greed. The soft, slow and short diegetic sound on characters illustrates the idea of how those without greed are often able to appreciate the smaller details to life. This diegetic sound was applied to the character Marge in the form of dialogue. With Marge’s dialogue often being spoken softly, slowly and concisely, Marge is demonstrated as a loving and caring character. Diegetic sound illustrates this idea because of the tone in which it is spoken. The soft tone creates a sense of tranquillity and peace as if the diegetic sound was the sound of crashing waves. It reminisces moments in my life where I experienced a similar sense of gratitude and appreciation. For me, it was my time in Milford Sound. The smile of the sun, sway of the trees and the dance of the rivers captivate my individual experience of a similar tranquillity. This calming mood reveals that the character is neither self-centred or greedy, appreciating the finer details to life. With the diegetic sound being slow, it creates an impression that time has slowed down. The character no longer rushes. Marge beings to take the time to appreciate her surroundings. She no longer thinks about herself admiring the finer things to life. Lastly, with the diegetic sound being short, it reveals how the character would rather admire than speak. With the combination of the soft, slow and short diegetic sound it illustrates how those without greed are often able to appreciate the finer aspects to life. Marge, a very considerate and unselfish character, demonstrates this when she lectures a criminal named Gaear in the car after arresting him. “And those three people in Brainer. And for what, for a little bit of money. There’s more to life than a little money you know… And here you are, its a beautiful day”. Numerous characters with various styles of diegetic sound were deliberately applied by the Coen Brothers to reveal which characters are greedy and which characters are grateful. The diegetic sound enables the audience to depict which characters have strong relationships and which characters have weak relationships. The soft, slow and short diegetic sounds convey that these characters must have strong relationships as they care about themselves and others equally. In contrast, those characters who are greedy shown by a deep diegetic sound must have weak relationships as they prioritize themselves over others. The 2017 film ‘Wonder’ is another film which develops this idea. Jack Will, a clever 5th grader, is shown developing this idea. In the beginning, Jack is self-minded trying to maintain his popular status at school. The principal has instructed him to help a new kid named Auggie. Auggie is no regular. Suffering a rare facial deformity invites other kids to bully him. Jack disregards the trauma Auggie faces as he still focuses on his desire of being one of the ‘cool’ kids. However, with the realization that he is greed is preventing one from for being happy, Jack sacrifices his desire. Auggie becomes one of his best friends and Jack is now able to appreciate the finer things in life such as putting a smile on someone else’s face. “People say you don’t know what you’ve got until its gone”. With greed being a regular occurrence in people’s lives, it is understandable why people are often ungrateful of their current lifestyle. Think about those third world countries. Poor, isolated, helpless. Do those people complain? Are they not grateful when they scavenge a few grains of rice. Now think about us. Living in a clean, healthy and well-nourished country. Yet we still complain about the dinner we have at the table, the house we live in or the shoes we wear. No wonder we refer to the phrase ‘first world problems’. As individuals in a society, if we could all just eliminate greed within and cherish what we want we may able to banish the term ‘first world problems’. As a result, more individuals will become grateful, appreciating the finer things in life. So, “Enjoy the little things in life because someday you will realize they were the big things”. With the deliberate application of diegetic sound by the Coen Brothers has illustrated how those without greed are often able to appreciate the smaller details to life.

Greed. The devil on our shoulders. Why do we continue to listen to it? How has it become a motive to our society? Will this ever change? Or will we continue to let those with supposedly more authority starve our resources leaving the rest to suffer? In conclusion, the film Fargo, directed by the Coen Brothers, the use of the film techniques: shallow focus, the close-up and diegetic sound have illustrated the idea of greed. Shallow focus on various characters illustrates how greed can cause people to go to the extremes, the close up reveals how greed can take a toll on people’s emotional status and application of soft, slow and short diegetic sound reveals how those without greed, are often able to appreciate the finer details to life.

HAVENT PROOFED READ, WILL ADD MORE STRUCTURE AND STUFF.

And Then There Were None

Analyse how characters were used to explore the concept of justice.


Justice. Would you run away from it? Or would you accept it? In the text ‘And Then There Were None’ authored by Agatha Christie justice is a concept presented by the characters in the text. Mrs Emily Brent and Justice Wargrave present how justice can be perceived different due to perspective, General MacArthur presents how emotional justice is sometimes a much more fair punishment than physical justice and Dr Armstrong presents how forgiveness should be considered first before justice.

In the text the contrast of perspective of Mrs Emily Brent and Justice Wargrave show how justice can be perceived different due to perspective. Mrs Emily Brent is a character which demonstrates the concept of justice. Mrs Emily Brent is a relatively old christian woman who is very religious and knows her righteousness. Before travelling to the island she had kicked out a servant name Beatrice Taylor when she had found out she was pregnant before marriage causing the servant to kill herself. “Naturally I did not keep her an hour under my roof. No one shall ever say that I condoned immorality… The abandoned creature, not content with having one sin on her conscience, committed a still graver sin. She took her own life.” This is important to the text as it shows that Mrs Emily Brent percieve’s Beatrice Taylor to no longer be human due to the authors word selection of describing Beatrice Taylor as a ‘abondoned creature’. Even with the knowledge that her actions will evidently kill Beatrice, she does so because she believes there is no other option, for religious justice. Even with the knowledge that murder is not tolerated in the bible she does so as she believes in order to please God she must. (“But if a man schemes and kills another man deliberately, take him away from my altar and put him to death.” – Exodus 21:14 ” If anyone takes the life of a human being, he must be put to death.” – Leviticus 24:17) Justice is a concept to describe fair punishment for the result of someones actions. The author has demonstrated the theme of justice within Mrs Emily Brent because as shown Mrs Emily Brent has made the decision that Beatrice Taylor’s actions deserves a fair punishment of death therefore demonstrating the theme of justice. Another character named Justice Wargrave thinks otherwise of Mrs Emily Brent’s actions. Justice Wargrave is a a cold, commanding retired judge who believes that Beatrice Taylor was innocent and didn’t deserve to die. Justice Wargrave therefore believes for the justice of Beatrice Taylor, Mrs Emily Brent is condoned for exile: life for life. The author has shown how Justice Wargrave has portrayed the theme of justice as Justice Wargrave takes action in giving Mrs Emily Brent a fair punishment for her actions. The author has demonstrated the theme of justice in both to show how justice can be perceived differently due to perspective. This is because Mrs Emily Brent envisioned the situation in a religious perspective, following the laws of the bible where as Justice Wargrave envisioned the situation in a legal point of view, following strictly by the legal laws placed in the country due to him being an experienced judge. As humans if we could just not rush into conclusions and take the time to look at situations in a different perspective we may be able to adjust our actions to gain the best possible outcome. If both Mrs Emily Brent and Justice Wargrave looked at the situation in a different perspective this may have prevented both the death of Beatrice Taylor and also Mrs Emily Brent. However due to the author being a member of the Church of England indicating she is christian I the reader have also interpreted she has done this to show how it is unfair how men and women have to follow the conduct of the legal laws and are punished for following their beliefs. It is to no surprise that religion and beliefs are one of the main topics which cause worldwide conflict and wars. In 2016 Brock Turner is an example in how justice can be perceived differently due to perspective. In Stanford University Brock Turner at the age of 19 sexually assaulted a woman and was only sentenced to 6 months imprisonment. An act like Brock’s would typically have a sentence of at least a year. Brock’s lawyer Multhaup believes Brock’s case should be overturned as he looked at the perspective that they were just having fun where as the one of the members at the jury believed he should be sentenced to 5 years as he looked at the situation at a legal point of view. This just shows how justice can be perceived different due to perspective.

General MacArthur is another character who also present the theme of justice. General MacArthur shows how the emotional justice which comes from guilt is worse than the physical justice such as a death. General MacArthur is a old, retired war hero who was invited to the island for justice as he murdered his wife’s lover Arthur Richmond. However soon after her wife Leslie passes away the General is left weeping in sorrow. In the text General MacArthur finds himself hallucinating about his actions after a gramophone recorder plays a record accusing him of his murder. Quickly he then realizes why he was brought to the island: for justice of his actions. After both Anthony Marston and Mrs Rogers death General MacArthur realizes what is to occur with his life and waits sitting beside the seaside. General MacArthur finally feels a sense of tranquility and relief since his act of murder as he no longer has the burden of his act. “We’re all waiting for the end… None of us are going to leave the island. That’s the plan. You know it, of course, perfectly. What, perhaps, you can’t understand is the relief!… The blessed relief when you know that you’ve done with it all-that you haven’t got to carry the burden any longer.” – General MacArthur This shows the reader that the punishment of death, for the justice of Leslie is not perceived as a punishment for General MacArthur due to the language technique of repetition of the word ‘relief’. The General rather views the justice as a token of appreciation that he no longer has to feel the guilt of his actions without having to commit suicide. The author has therefore shown how justice is presented in General MacArthur as it shows him accepting a fair punishment for his actions. This teaches the reader how emotions such as guilt is sometimes a much more fair treatment of justice rather than the typical physical justice such as a death sentence. This is because unlike artificial technology, humans decisions are heavily influenced on our emotions which is why we humans are not perfect. This is why us humans may have ups and downs as we may breakdown or get side tracked which can prevent us from achieving our goals and ambitions, cause us to disregard our beliefs and cause us to select the incorrect response for certain situations. In this case for General MacArthur his actions of murder were influenced by the emotion of anger because of the emotion of love for his wife. The emotional consequence of his actions was then guilt which influenced him to accept his death for justice. Again this shows how human actions are programmed by emotions. If you were in the General’s position what would you do? Live the rest of your life being bombarded by guilt everywhere you go or rest in peace? General MacArthur has therefore shown to the readers how emotional justice may be a much more fair punishment than the physical justice of a death furthermore demonstrating the theme of justice. Again due to the author being christian the concept of justice shown within General MacArthur has been shown to teach the reader why we should confess our sins instead running away from them as God will forgive. In 2018 a model named Stephanie Adams is an example of how emotional justice is sometimes a much more worse punishment than physical justice such as a death. Stephanie Justice committed suicide by jumping out the 25th floor of a building soon after she pushed her 7 year old child of the building. This just shows how she would rather punish herself physically than living with the emotion of guilt acting as justice.

Another character named Dr Armstrong also demonstrates the theme of justice. Dr Armstrong presents how forgiveness should be considered first before justice. Dr Armstrong is a very successful physician who was invited to the island with huge sums of money to assess ‘Mrs Owens’ health. However he was really invited there to be murdered in act of justice as Dr Armstrong got away with killing Louisa Mary Clees as he operated a surgery while being intoxicated with alcohol. Dr Armstrong however is very aware of his actions and regrets it. “Drunk-that’s what it was-drunk. And I operated! Nerves all to pieces-hands shaking. I killed her, all right. Poor devil-elderly woman-simple job if I’d been sober”. He therefore tries to make a change to make up for his vital error. Dr Armstrong has learn’t from his mistake and has never drunk again and becomes a very reliable and a highly recommended doctor who saves hundreds of patients lives. However Justice Wargrave disregards his actions in attempt to amend his heavily regretted murder. He therefore still invites him to the island to die and accusing him on a gramophone recorder of his past actions. “Edward George Armstrong, that you did upon the 14th day of March, 1925, cause the death of Louisa Mary Clees”. This teaches the reader Justice Wargrave knows for a fact that Dr Armstrong is guilty and is deemed for justice due to the language technique of a statement. The author has shown the theme of justice within Dr Armstrong as Dr Armstrong is aware of his actions and believes a fair punishment is to give up his old punishments of drinking and and amend his actions by saving more people. Justice Wargrave does not believe this is a fair punishment and does not forgive him for his action. Forgiveness is a major part in the bible. Due to the author being christian she has demonstrated the theme of justice within Dr Armstrong to show how Justice Wargrave is wrong. Stated in the second paragraph humans are not perfect and make mistakes. Therefore every human should have the opportunity of a second chance as humans are very capable of bouncing back to make difference in this world. In this case Justice Wargrave should have considered forgiving Dr Armstrong as he has bounced back making a positive difference in this world by saving hundreds of lives. With Justice Wargrave killing Dr Armstrong for justice he has not only killed Dr Armstrong but he has also indirectly killed hundreds more as hundreds of patients who see Dr Armstrong may have no where to go to get help. Mark Wahlberg is an example of why we should choose forgiveness instead of justice. Mark Wahlberg is a famous actor, producer, businessman and model. However it all didn’t just start this way. At the age of 15 he and a couple of mates would patrol the streets and purposely physically abuse black people. One black man could have stood up and bet Mark up however he forgived him in hope for him to make a change. And so he did as he has never physically abused anyone again and has made a difference in the world being a famous actor who brings smiles to peoples faces.

In conclusion the author Agatha Christie has utilized the characters in the text of ‘And Then There Were None’ to present the theme of justice. Agatha Christie has utilized the characters Mrs Emily Brent and Justice Wargrave to show how justice can be perceived differently due to perspective, General MacArthur to show how emotional justice may be a much more fair act of punishment rather than physical justice and Dr Armstrong to show how forgiveness should always be considered first before justice.

My Jungle

It was surreal. There it was. My new home. The creation of crinkles surrounded my fleshy jaw as I endlessly smiled, portraying my excitement allowing all other thoughts to drown in the abyss. Colour, space, walls, toys, tables! The carpet was tender, the walls gleamed, the windows glistened. I was Tarzan encased in a captivated jungle of my own. Newly imported furniture towered upon me like trees radiating the reflection of the colonial light of the sun, creating this vibrant hue. How could something so new feel like a brother that I always had? Laughter, transcending music and the intense sound of my mother’s knife on the chopping board were the sounds of nature in my own jungle. The smell of my mother’s cooking blended with the overpowering lavender air freshener created an essence of tenderness. My mother, father and sister always embraced me with love and warmth, protecting me like bubble wrap. Couches, stools, tables, rugs, cabinets smiled back at each other as if they were friends being entered into a class together. Meanwhile, I was the teacher of my own school of toys, scattered across the floor providing me fun, distracting my consciousness of time. They were everywhere. From the catastrophic cupboard to the white window sills. River like reflections of just my eyes and my forehead could only be seen, blurred due to the short height I possessed at a young age. Senselessly swinging from room to room I always ended up perching in the most sacred part of the jungle… my own room. My room represented a barren cave allowing me to feel independent which I always adored as I no longer wanted to feel like child. It presented an atmosphere of tranquility. Peacefulness. Serenity. It rejuvenated me to be present in this loving atmospheric jungle. I rest upon the cascade of soften pillows and sheets, eyes open staring at the ceiling above. Enclosed. Loved. It was surreal. Here it was. My new home.

It was no longer surreal. Creases on my jaw were the only remains of the good old days, where only a expert geologist of the face could pick out the emotions of my past in its rock hard stature. The only crinkles vivid was the WiFi symbol scrunched on my forehead from the anxiety and stress of my world. Windows and walls groomed. In sadness. Boredom. Emptiness. The now colourless carpet created such a rough texture it generated friction in between my toes as I strolled around the house. Although I was still indulged in the same jungle, it felt if deforested with the absent of both my father and sister. The wore down furniture of the couches, chairs and tables felt old as I was now overgrown for this place. Dust like moss masked the furniture, no longer radiating a reflection, but instead creating a black and white hue. My brother was no longer the same. Silence. Deathly hollows of silence. Sound was non existent with my mother always at work and the disappearance of both of my sister and father, leaving me with the artificial sound of company forthcoming from my phone. Putrid smells of leftover domino’s pizza boxes bombarded on the kitchen bench mixed with sweaty smelly socks brought an aroma of a long night out. The bubble wrap had popped. I was now isolated, alone, embraced in anguish and doubt of my teenage life. Classmate appliances were bored of each other as if they were practicing their times tables with each other for years. Meanwhile my previous class of toys were now abandoned, resting locked away in a cardboard box on the window sill reminiscing the movie of Toy Story. I turned towards the windows. Despised by the clear vivid full portrait reflection of what I have become. Not even the once tranquil cave could blockade the change in myself and this house. My cave had collapsed puncturing the atmosphere. It was no longer tranquil. Peaceful. Serene. I no longer wanted to be alone and independent. I yearn for the embracement of love and company. Instead, I am forced to cage my love through the surrounding of my cushioned pillows and sheets. I lay restless upon my bed, eyes opened towards the ceiling. Defeated. Here it was. Surreal? My home?

Creative Writing Plan

My House

My house at the age of 7My house at the age of 16
Everything felt big
Dad and Sis was here
Excitement of a new house
Toys = Fun
Colour = Vibrate, colourful
Sound = Tv, laughter, sister playing guitar/piano, kitchen utensil when mum cooks
Smell = air freshioner lavender
New Furniture introduced like a foreign student entering a brand new welcoming school
Furniture gleaming
Sister chasing me, dad pranking me. 
Weather
Every morning, the excitement of watching spongebob
Atmosphere
Hue



Everything feels small
Me and mum left, rasping voice of my mum
Disappointment of house, ungrated full when comparing. 
Hw = Stress
Toys = feel like Andy like toy story. 
Dim colours
Sound = Empty, Silence 
Smell = mixture of deoderant and stench of unwashed clothes lying helplessly on the floor. 
Furniture now looks bored and old sick of each other. 
Furniture rusty/dusty 
Accompanied by the articificial voice of my phone. 
Every morning, depressed comparing my life to those on insta. 
Weather
Titanic and Iceberg
Atmosphere
Hue

Language Techniques 

Language TechniqueExample
Alliteration
Assonance
Onomatopoeia
Repetition
Parallel construction
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Pun
Symbolism
Contrast
Hyperbole
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
Rhetorical question
Listing 

Order

OrderBeforeAfter
Sound
Tv, laughter, sister playing guitar/piano, kitchen utensil when mum cooks
Silenced, only had the aritcial sound of my phone to accompany me like it was non digetic sound added in a film. 
PeopleMum, Dad and Sis comforting me like bubble wrap protecting somethingThe bubble wrap had popped. 
RelationshipMy heart, Titanic, the departure of my father, the iceberg
EmotionLove and stuffEmptiness, a missing jigsaw peice in my heart
HueVibrantBlack and White, Ying and yang
SizeBig, Small, Outgrown
FurnitureNew furniture gleamed, excited to meet their new class mates for life. Furniture looks bored and sick of each other
Lights were broken, didnt even have the gleam of my fathers smile upon me. 

Significant Connections

It is a choice that us humans make on whether we choose to self sacrifice for the savoir of others. The judgement of our circumstances such as our relationship, individual survival, emotions, numbers and religion can influence our descion to save or to not to save another. The texts: “Touching the Void”, written by Joe Simpson, “Into thin air”, written by Jon Krakauer, “Alive”, written by Paul Piers Read and “Into the wild”, written by Jon Krakauer all address people’s decisions and actions to self sacrifice for the saviour of others in different circumstances. It is those who can think rationally and contemplate the consequences often make the correct descion whether to self sacrifice for another. However it is those without the killer instinct to make a descion who act purely on their emotions and ambitions often end in failure. 

In the text “Touching the Void” authored by Joe Simpson, the viewer sees Joe fighting for his survival due to him breaking his leg while Simon contemplates whether to risk his life to save Joe. The reader learns through this event is that as human nature we have to make the judgement on whether our life is worth the risk to save another.

This is shown when Joe’s ice axes slips out of the ice causing him to hit the slope at the base of the cliff shattering his right knee. Simon’s initial reaction to Joe’s broken leg is “I knew where we were, I took in everything around me instantly, and knew he was dead. It never occurred to me that I might also die. I accepted without a question that I could get off the mountain alone. I had no doubt about that.” This teaches the reader that Simon clearly values his life over Joe’s as he has concluded that Joe is going to die as he feels the risk of his life to save him is too great. This also teaches the reader that Simon values his life over Joe’s as he is without a doubt accepting that when push comes to shove and a high level of danger occurs he is willing to leave Joe and safely descend Siula Grande alone. This teaches us about human nature that we have to make the judgement on whether our life is worth the risk to save another. Is your really worth the risk to save another? What level of risk is tolerable? Or will the feeling of guilt haunt you knowing you could’ve done more influence your decision to save another. Another example of where this is shown is Simon’s thoughts as he follows closely behind Joe descending with his broken leg. “I knew I couldn’t leave him while he was still fighting for it… It just seemed a waste. It would be pointless. I kept staring at him expecting him to fall.” This teaches the reader that Simon’s logical brain does not want to self sacrifice the risk of his life to save Joe however he cannot fixate his emotion to leave Joe while he is still fighting for his survival. This teaches us about human nature is that our relationships can determine how much we are willing to self sacrifice for the savior of others. Would your risk your life to save Joe if you were each others climbing partner for years? As the reader I am intrigued to see Simon’s reaction if this was his mother for instance. Would he react in the same way? Or will a stronger relationship be enough for him commit to sacrificing his life to save his mother. This quote also teaches the reader that Simon’s logical brain is telling him that the odds of Joe’s survival is minimal and to risk his life trying isn’t worth the risk. It also teaches the reader Simon wants Joe to fall so he won’t have the guilt and pressure if he leaves the mountain alone. Enviably as danger approaches with a nearby storm, Simon decides to put his safety before Joe’s and leaves him by cutting the rope. “There was no option left to me… I reached down again, and this time I touched the blade to the rope.” This shows that Simon does not commit to saving Joe as the sacrifice becomes too great. This teaches the reader the Simon makes a quick rational decision that he values his life over Joe’s. As human’s the decision sacrifice the risk of your life for someone else ultimately comes down to whether you value your life over another.

In the text “Into Thin Air” written by Jon Krakauer, the reader sees Rob Hall choosing to assist Doug Hansen to the summit of Mount Everest knowing the consequences of disobeying the strict turn around and Doug’s health condition. The reader learns through Rob’s actions is that as humans we can get so caught up in saving/helping others that we tend to forget to help ourselves first. 

Rob Hall is a mountaineer guide assisting a group up Mount Everest in 1996. Previously Rob has denied one of his clients named Doug Hansen who’s ambition is to reach the summit after being so close in 1995. Rob’s actions to not turn around Doug after seeming very weak and incapable of reaching the summit by the strict turn around time costed both of their lives. “Hall did not turn Hansen around at 2:00 P.M. – or, for that matter, at 4:00, when he met his client just below the top… Hall placed Hansen’s arm around his neck and assisted the weary client up the final forty feet to the summit”. This teaches the reader that Rob chooses to sacrifice the risk of his life on the dangerous, unforgivable terrain to save Doug from the mental pain of not being able to accomplish his ambition. This also teaches the reader that Rob’s emotions of guilt has influenced his decision to assist Doug to the top instead of descending safely down together. This teaches us about human nature is that our emotions can influence whether we help others before ourselves. In this case Rob needed to be mentally strong and act logically instead of emotionally to keep both himself and Doug physically safe. The author believes especially due to Rob’s occupation  that this was a very uncharacteristic and foolish desicion because at the end of the day safety is priority. However at the end of the day we are not a robot we are human therefore it is extremely difficult to ignore our emotions. Due to Rob being a very experience mountaineer who has perceived to have survived the worst, Rob chooses to stay with Doug who is diminished at the summit attempting to descend with him ignoring commands to descend alone. “At 4:53 he got on the radio and strongly urged Hall to descend to the South Summit… During radio calls from Hall at 5:36 and again at 5:57 Cotter implored his make to leave Hansen and comedown alone.” This teaches the reader that Rob has overrated his capability leading to the ignorance to help himself before Doug consequently leading to his death. This teaches us about human nature is that our cockiness to bite off more than we can chew often leads to our downfall. Sometimes we need to make the rational decision to help ourselves before others. In these life or death situation we must ignore the thought of opinions on our desicions and learn to be selfish to save ourselves.  This is different to “Touching the void” because in this text Rob’s downfall came down to his misjudgment of the situation, his capability and letting his emotions to take over him to sacrifice the risk of his life to help others before himself to save Doug’s ambition haunting him but also his survival.  Whereas in “Touching the void” Simon makes the rational decision to save himself over Joe by cutting the rope as he slowly starts to slip off the mountain in order for his own survival. If Rob has just acted like Simon in a life or death situation and choose to protect his survival before others Rob would’ve been able to see another day. This is where as humans sometimes we need to make the judgement to help ourselves before others.

In the text “Alive” authored by Paul Piers Read, the reader sees Roy and Vizintin sticking with Carlitos to keep him alive in a practice expedition but also Canessa and Parrado persevering through the fatal terrain of the Andes in order to save the others isolated in the Fairchild aircraft after its crash. The reader learns through both events is that perseverance is key in helping/saving those in need.

As the days go by in the Fairchild after its crash food slowly diminishes and more lives are lost. The remaining survivors therefore made the decision to no longer wait for help and instead try find civilization instead. They therefore sent out practice expeditions to see who was the most capable for the ultimate escape. However on one of these practice expeditions Carlitos almost came to his death as the conditions began to worsen and his health started to deteriorate. “Carlitos were close to panic… I can’t, I can’t. Leave me. You go on. Leave me here to die. Come on, Carlitos; said Roy through his tears. ‘For God’s sake, come on! Think of your family…’Get up you sissy,’ said Vizintin. We’ll all freeze if we stay here’… ‘I’m a sissy… I admit it. You go on’. But they would not leave, and they bombarded Carlitos with a mixture of exhortation and abuse that eventually brought him to his feet again… A little later he collapsed again in the snow… ‘You go on’ he said… But again Vizintin Harley would not abandon him”. This teaches the reader that both Vizintin and Roy sacrificed the risk of their lives in the harsh conditions to save Carlitos life. It teaches us about human nature is that persistence is key to saving those in need. As humans we tend to give up easily when a difficult problem is faced which is why our major problems such as poverty remain unsolved. If we all just persevered more when things got tough we would be able to make a difference and success would become more and more possible. For example if Roy and Vizintin did not persevere in motivating Carlitos in the harsh conditions Carlitos would have certainly died. However even with knowledge that perserverance equals success, humans still do not perservere in tough situation because as humans hate the hussle and pain that is involved. Another example of this theme is when Canessa and Parrado perseveres through the odds of finding civilization through the formidable terrain of the Andes to save those in the Fairchild. “Then Canessa said, ‘I think we should go back’ … This mountain’s is much too high. We’ll never reach the top. With every step we take we risk our lives. It’s madness to go… ‘Well, I’m going back anyway,’ said Canessa. ‘And im going on, said Parrado.” This teaches the reader that Parrado’s persistence to keep going to keep going over the odds that influenced Canessa is the key factor to why those in the Fairchild were saved. The authors thoughts on this desicion is that the author is very grateful however the author believes that the desicion to leave shouldv’e been much earlier as this would have saved more lives. It also teaches the reader if it wasn’t for the selfishness and braveness of the two men to risk their lives to save the other survivors in the Fairchild the others would have never been found. This teaches us about human nature is that it is those who step out of their comfort zone is what separate those who do and do not accomplish their ambitions which in this case was making it out of the Andes alive. However for a high reward there is a high risk. Is it worth the risk? The determining if the risk is worth it ultimately comes down to how bad do you want it. For Canessa’s and Parrado’s survival and those to save themselves and those in the Fairchild for them the risk is definitely worth it. This also teaches us about human nature is that we have to make the judgement whether sacrificing the risk of your life is worth to save more. If you were in Parrado’s and Canessa’s situation what would you do? Would you be selfish and stay in the relative safety of the Fairchild. How many people would it take for you to sacrifice your life. For Canessa and Parrado is was a total of 16. This text is different to “Touching the void” because in this text Roy and Vizintin perseveres to staying and motivating Carlitos ultimately saving his life even when the condition get worse jeopardizing their lives even further. Even with both Canessa and Parrado they both persevered through the dangerous terrain of the Andes even when things seemed impossible rewarding them their survival and the savior of the others in the Fairchild. Where as in “Touching the Void” Simon does not choose to persevere in saving Joe when things got tough leaving Joe through the struggle to survive on Siula Grande with a broken leg. This is because clearly Simon made the decision that one life is not enough to risk his own. Simon’s actions to not preserver could have easily killed Joe however lucky for him Joe had a strong mentality and made it out alive.

In the text “Into Thin Air” written by Jon Krakauer, the reader sees a old man named Ron Franz get attached to a boy named Chris McCandless who he has just met. Chris McCandless however decides to leave Franz to accomplish his ambition leave Franz in a unexpected hurt. This teaches the reader about human nature is that sometimes in our lives we have to self sacrifice for others even if it means nothing to you because it could mean a lot more to someone else. 

Chris McCandless is a young adult who has thrown away his background of his family, degree and past experiences live a new life of excitement and danger in the quiet wildnerness alone. However on his travels he meets this old man named Ron Franz who helps him on his travels. They both end up enjoying each others company and Franz decides to adopt him due to him feeling so attached. McCandless however declines the offer as he would rather accomplish his ambition of traveling to Alaska alone. “Even when he was sleeping, I was happy just knowing he was there… My mother was an only child he explained. So was my father. And I was an only child. Now that my own boy’s dead, I’m the end of the line. When I’m gone, my family will be finished, gone forever. So I asked Alex if I could adopt him… McCandless, uncomfortable with the request, dodged the question… And now he slipped painlessly out of Ron Franz’s life as well. This teaches the reader that Franz is lonely and had affection and love for McCandless and felt McCandless was the solution to forget about his dreadful past. This also teaches the reader McCandless is selfish as he puts his ambitions over giving his love to Franz for him to no longer be lonely but also save him mentally from his tormenting past of losing all of his loved ones. This teaches us about human nature is that we have to take a step back and place ourselves in other people’s perspectives to understand their struggles and difficulties. Often as human we are oblivious to the consequences of our actions towards other people, thinking primarily on ourselves. If we just took the time to place ourselves in other people’s perspectives and think of the effects of our actions towards them, this would enable us to make the correct decision whether to help others. For instance if McCandless just took the time to place himself in Franz’s perspective this would have influenced his actions to temporarily hold his ambitions to give the loving and care that Franz truly deserves and needs. The author believes that McCandless was very fortunate with his life and his descion was very greedy and self centre and believe that if he was in McCandless situation he wouldv’e not done the same. This is different to “Into Thin Air” as Rob Hall decided to self sacrifice the risk of his life to assist Doug Hansen to the summit so that he would accomplish his ambition, knowing his weak condition and disobeying the strict turn around time. This is because although this mean’t relatively no significance for Rob Hall, he was able to place himself in Doug’s perspective and understood what this would mean to him influencing his desicion to self sacrifice for Doug. Rob understood that if he hadn’t chose to assist Doug to the top his ambition will have haunted him for the rest of his life especially being so close on two attempts. So with Rob choosing to self sacrifice the risk of his life to assist him, Doug would have been put out of his misery and gained a real sense of accomplishment. However for the text “Into the Wild” McCandless chooses to not self sacrifice his ambitions temporarily to give affection and love to Franz who really deserves and needs its because he puts himself before others and does not realize that although it means nothing to him it means a lot to Franz. Due to McCandless selfishness to not place himself in Franz’s perspective this has made him oblivious to consequences of his action. If McCandless just placed himself in Franz’s shoes and sacrificed his ambitions temporarily to accompany Franz this wouldv’e meant the world to him as he would no longer feel lonely, hurt and also make Doug forget about his tragic past.

A person desicion to self sacrifice for the savior of others is determined by their: relationships, emotions, religion, circumsatance and tolerance of sacrifice. This is evident in the texts: “Touching the void”, written by Joe Simpson, “Into thin air”, written by Jon Krakauer, “Alive” written by Paul Piers Read and “Into the wild”, written by Jon Krakauer, as here key characters were faced with different circumstances where the desicion had to be made whether to self sacrifice to save those enduring mental and/or physical pain. The reader has learn’t that as humans to descion to save another in a life or death situation ulimatelty comes down to whether you value your life over another. The reader also learns about life through the text “Into thin air” is that sometimes no matter how much effort or perserverance you may give fortune may just not be on your side. Another key message learn’t through the texts is that are emotions is massive contributing factor in why we do or do not save another such as the selfishness shown by McCandless “Into the wild”.